Benjamin Franklin said, “...in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes". Governments tax citizens, industry, and foreign nations for two reasons: to increase income and to assert control. We will examine the history of taxation and how America has funded its spectacular growth. We will delve into the theories behind various tax strategies and the impact and consequences of each. We will attempt a look into the future that includes the examination of debt and how taxes will play a role in assuring America’s long-term solvency.